How To: Determine The Minimum Required Thickness Of Tubing

In ASME code calculations involving cylindrical components you will be required to know how to determine the minimum required thickness of tubing. The tubing you may be required to determine the minimum thickness of could be but not limited to superheater tubes or water tube boiler tubes.

All referenced page numbers are from the 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code.

Formula

To determine the minimum required thickness of tubing you will use a formula contained within ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code PG-27 Cylindrical Components Under Internal Pressure. Specifically, PG-27.2.1 on page 8.

PG-27.2.1 Tubing- Up to and including 5in. (125mm) outside diameter. It is important to remember this point as any piece of material with an outside diameter bigger then 125mm is now considered to be piping and the equation provided in PG-27.2.2 page 10 must be used.

Formula to calculate the minimum required thickness:

Formula Variables

The symbols used within the PG-27 formulas are contained within paragraph PG-27.3 page 10 and are defined as follows.

C = Minimum allowance for threading and structural stability (mm) (PG-27.4, note 3) page 11

D = Or O.D. is Outside diameter of cylinder (mm) “In this case tubing”

E = Efficiency of longitudinal welded joints or of ligaments between openings, whichever is lower (the values allowed for E are listed in PG-27.4, note 1) page 11

e = Thickness factor for expanded tube ends (mm) (see PG-27.4, note 4) page 11

P = Maximum allowable working pressure “Gauge Pressure” (MPa) (see PG-21, refers to gauge pressure)

R = Inside radius of cylinder (mm) “In this case tubing”

S = Maximum allowable stress value at the operating temperature of the metal (Section II, Part D, Table 1A. See PG-27.4, note 2) page 11. It is important when determining the maximum allowable stress value to check (PG-6 plate materials) page 4 and (PG-9 boiler tube materials) page 5 before starting calculations as this information will determine the correct stress table to use by indicating whether the material is carbon steel or an alloy steel.

t = minimum required thickness (mm) (see PG-27.4, note 7) page 12

y = temperature coefficient (see PG-27.4, note 6) page 11

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