How To: Determine The Minimum Required Thickness Of A Header

In ASME code calculations involving cylindrical components you will be required to know how to determine the minimum required thickness of a header.

All referenced page numbers are from the 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code.

Formula

To determine the minimum required thickness of a header required for various applications you will use a formula contained within ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code PG-27 Cylindrical Components Under Internal Pressure page 10. Specifically PG-27.2.2 page 10

PG-27.2.2 Piping, Drums, and Headers. (based on strength of weakest course) It is important to remember any cylinder with an outside diameter less then 125mm is to be considered tubing and the equation provided in PG-27.2.1 page 8 should be used.

PG-27.2.2 Formula to calculate the minimum required header thickness:

Outside Diameter Equation

Inside Radius Equation

Formula Variables

The symbols used within the PG-27 formulas are contained within paragraph PG-27.3 page 10 and are defined as follows:

C = Minimum allowance for threading and structural stability (mm) (PG-27.4, note 3) page 11

D = Or O.D. is Outside diameter of cylinder (mm) “In this case of the header”

E = Efficiency of longitudinal welded joints or of ligaments between openings, whichever is lower (the values allowed for E are listed in PG-27.4, note 1) page 11

e = Thickness factor for expanded tube ends (mm) (see PG-27.4, note 4) page 11

P = Maximum allowable working pressure “Gauge Pressure” (MPa) (see PG-21, refers to gauge pressure)

R = Inside radius of cylinder (mm) “In this case of the header”

S = Maximum allowable stress value at the operating temperature of the metal (Section II, Part D, Table 1A. See PG-27.4, note 2) page 11. It is important when determining the maximum allowable stress value to check (PG-6 plate materials) page 4 and (PG-9 boiler tube materials) page 5 before starting calculations as this information will determine the correct stress table to use by indicating whether the material is carbon steel or an alloy steel.

t = minimum required thickness (mm) (see PG-27.4, note 7) page 12

y = temperature coefficient (see PG-27.4, note 6) page 11

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